《翻译入门》第13次课（2课时）

《翻译入门》新闻文本翻译教学设计

I.教学目的

1.1了解新闻文本的语言特点；

1.2.掌握新闻文本的翻译策略与技巧。

II.教学重点

英汉新闻文本翻译的策略

III.教学难点

新闻文本翻译中如何准确灵活地运用翻译策略

IV.教学步骤

 

Step1: Revision复习长句的翻译（学生上节课的作业，本次课派第6组代表做Presentation）

 

中国共产党和中国人民以英勇顽强的奋斗向世界庄严宣告，中国人民从此站起来了，中华民族任人宰割、饱受欺凌的时代一去不复返了，中国发展从此开启了新纪元。

思政融入1：学习党史，培养爱党、爱国情怀

参考译文：Through tenacious struggle, the Party and the people showed the world that the Chinese people had stood up and the time in which the Chinese nation could be bullied and abused was gone and would never return. This marked the beginning of a new epoch in China’s development.

图1：学生作业展示

成员1译文：With heroic and tenacious struggle, the CPC and Chinese peopleproclaimedsolemnly to the world that, from now, Chinese people have stood up. The days of the Chinese nation being randomlytrampled and humiliatedby other countries have gone forever. The development of China hasstepped intoa new era now.

成员2译文：After a heroic and tenacious struggle, The CPC and Chinese people solemnlyannouncedto the whole world that Chinese people had stood up. The age that Chinese nation could beslaughteredand bullied byothers randomly has gone forever. And the development of China has started a new era.

成员3译文：With a valiant and tenacious struggle, Communist Party of China and all Chinese peopledeclaresolemnly to the world that since then, Chinese people have stood up, which means the age when Chinese nation wastrampled and bulliedhas gone forever and that the development of China has entered a new era.

成员4译文：Through tenacious struggle, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese citizensannouncedthe world that the Chinese people had stood up since that time. And the time when Chinese nationwas bullied and abusedby others was gone forever. The development of China is in a new era.

成员5译文：The CPC and Chinese people solemnlydeclareto the worldwith a valiant and tenacious strugglethat we Chinese people have already stood up. The era when that Chinese nation wastramped and bulliedby anyone has gone without return. Chinese development hasstepped ina newepochsince the

第6小组商讨之后译文：Throughheroic and tenacious struggle, the CPC and the Chinese peopleproclaimsolemnly to the whole world that Chinese people have stood up from now on. The age when Chinese nation wastrampled and bulliedby othershas gone with the wind. The development of China hasstepped intoa new era.

目的：复习并检测学生对英汉语长句翻译的处理能力，政治术语的翻译以及句子的重新组织能力

 

Step 2 Lead-in导入

Guangzhou Fair Closes, Trade Booms

i.e. The Guangzhou Fair Closes and Trade Booms

广交会落幕交易量火爆

（由广交会新闻导入新闻文本的翻译）

 

 

Step 3 Linguistic features of News Text语言分析

What is news?

News is a fresh report of events, facts or opinions that people did not know before they read your story.

What are the textual features of news ?

1.freshness

2.truthfulness

3.catering for the public

4.sometimes being politically sensitive

 

 

1.省略

省略指省去非关键性的词语。标题原来都是一个完整的句子，但为了起到言简意赅的效果，从而突出重要内容，标题中常常删略去某些语法成分或词语，尤以虚词为主，如冠词、连词、人称关系代词、系动词等等。只要读者略知有关标题省略的一些特点，就能一望而知其全貌。

如：

1）37 killed in Italian Plane Crash

i.e. 37 Killed in an Italian Plane Crash

意一飞机坠毁三十七人遇难（省冠词）

2）Cops under Fire

i. e. Cops are under Fire

图2：教师讲解

思政融入2：从美国枪击事件谈到热爱和平

警察遭枪击（省系动词）

 

3) mother, Daughter Share Fulbright Year

i. e. A Mother and Her Daughter Share a Fulbright Year

富布莱特奖揭晓母女同获年度奖（省冠词）

2时态

英文报刊新闻标题需要言简意赅，不可能采用英语中的所有时态形式来浓缩新闻事实。常见的动词形态有三种：一般现在时、一般将来时和现在进行时。

（1）一般现在时

UK’s Oldest Person Dies at 115

英国第一寿星谢世享天年百岁又十五

Fans Call on Disney to ‘not whitewash’ Mulan

迪士尼拍真人版木兰

粉丝呼吁‘不要洗白白’

 

思政融入3：木兰是中国古代女英雄，坚决反对篡改情节和主题

 

 

（2）一般将来时

Iran, Syria to Sign Defense Pact

伊朗和叙利亚将签署防御协定

Next Century will Challenge Law of Land

新世纪即将来临，土地法将面临挑战

(3)现在进行时

Deposits, Loans Rising in HK

i.e. The Deposits and Loans Are Rising in HK

香港储蓄与贷款额节节攀升

 

 

3.语态

英文新闻标题中出现被动语态时，被动语态结构中的助动词“be”通常被省略，往往也不用“by”来引出动作的执行者。

Journalist Fired in Spy Debate

i.e. A Journalist Is Fired in a Spy Debate

涉嫌间谍案纠纷记者被炒鱿鱼

Group Work(小组讨论)：在此期间，全国和各驻外机构下半旗志哀，停止公共娱乐活动，外交部和我国驻外使领馆设立吊唁簿

图3：小组讨论

参考译文：At this official mourning period, National flagsare ordered tofly at half-mastand all public entertainmentsare suspended. Condolence bookswill be openedat the Foreign Ministry and Chinese embassies and consulates around the world.

 

 

4.新词层出不穷

大众传播媒介是反映日新月异的现实生活的最有效、最直接的途径之一。生活中层出不穷的新词往往最先出现在新闻报道中，以后经人仿效，达到相当程度的普遍性后，逐渐吸收进词典里，正式成为现代语言的一部分。

1) 新生词汇

当1979年日本索尼公司推出一种个人随身听“walkman”后，媒体报道出现了这样的句子：

They have to make do with grubby corners in semi-graffitied Tube compartments, sandwiched as like as not, between walkmanized typists and heavily tattooed skinheads.

图4：雨课堂教学

参考译文：他们如今可得将就地挤在地铁车厢脏兮兮的角落里（半个车厢被涂抹的面目全非），很可能被夹在两种人之间：一边是耳朵里成天塞着随身听、手捧电脑打字的人，一边是遍体纹身的光头党成员。

2）生造词汇(coinages, nonce words）

“alcoholic”表示“酒精的、含酒精的、饮酒过度的人”，词缀“-aholic. –holic, -oholic”等由此引申为“……狂，……迷，……嗜好者”。如

“beeroholic” (啤酒爱好者）

“Colaholic” (可口可乐狂饮者）

“crediholic” (赊账购物成癖者）

“movieholic” （电影迷）

“workholic” (工作狂）

3）时髦词汇（vogue words, buzzwords)

新闻中还会出现某些人们日常言谈中或一段时期内风行一时的时髦词。这些字眼，有的昙花一现，有的则具有相当的生命力而得到长期使用。如中文的新闻报道中经常出现：

“妻管严” （henpecked）

“傍大款” （find a sugar daddy）

“灰色收入” （off-the –book income）

“低调” （low profile/low key）

“剩女”（left-over lady/ on the shelf/spinster)

 

网红

 

v Practice: This furious Persian has become an web sensation after pictures of him with this cone over his head went viral.

 

 

图五：教师讲解

 

随着一张戴着脖圈的波斯猫的照片在网上迅速热传，照片中盛怒的喵星人也转眼成了一只"网红"。

 

思政融入4：医学英雄张文宏和钟南山VS主播薇娅和明星吴亦凡

 

 

 

 

图5：学生回答问题

 

总之，我们在阅读英美报刊，收听新闻广播时，往往会接触到这些新词、时髦词，再动手翻译这些词汇的时候，一定要根据具体的语境来辨别、判断并反复推敲这些词的意思，只有这样才能做到传神达意，不会有失偏颇。

 

Step 4: Translation Strategies of News Text

 

新闻报道面向大众、时效性强、向社会负责等特点决定了新闻翻译必须做到准确、通俗，同时又需将原则性与灵活性相结合，要有针对性的具体对待。

1、直译、意译交互使用

1）Looking Back to Look Ahead

译文1 为了展望未来而回首往昔

译文2 回首往昔展望未来

2）Olympics Begin in Style; Swimmer Takes 1^stGold.

译文奥运盛会开幕泳将喜夺首金

贴切原文，富有汉语新闻标题特征：工整对仗，文采卓越。

 

2.添加注释不可少

英语新闻往往是为迎合本国内读者的心理需求，汉译时不可将英语新闻的“习惯表达”套用于国内读者的“阅读心理”上，需要酌情加上逻辑主语，或新闻人物的国籍、消息的事发地点等等。

例：

1）Xi Elected Chinese President

译习（习近平）当选中国国家主席

2）Lewis, Xie Voted World’s Top Two

译路易斯、谢（军）当选世界十佳（运动员）前两名

 

 

3.原文修辞需展现

但是，当英文标题中采用某种修辞方法，在语言转换中难以与汉语契合，则不妨意译，同时还应适当照顾汉语新闻标题的特点，多用动词、尾韵、对仗等修辞手法。

例：Older, Wiser, Calmer

译：人愈老，智愈高，心愈平

比较：

Swifter, higher, stronger

译：更快，更高，更强

Step 5:Summary (总结)

从以上典型实例可以看出，要把新闻标题译的准确到位，除了透彻地理解原文内涵，领悟其妙处外，善于比较研究英汉两种语言新闻标题的特点，充分发挥汉语的优势也十分重要。

 

Step 6: Homework

翻译一则有关金融知识的英汉新闻：

The central parity rate of the Chinese currency renminbi, or the yuan, strengthened 202 basis points to 6.4372 against the US dollar Tuesday, hitting the highest record since Dec. 11 of 2015, according to China Foreign Exchange Trade System.

China International Capital Corp Ltd (CICC) recently adjusted its forecast for the yuan against the US dollar from the previous 6.48 to 6.28 by the end of 2018, with a prediction of a weakening US dollar in 2018.

In China's spot foreign exchange market, the yuan is allowed to rise or fall by 2 percent from the central parity rate each trading day.

 

思政融入5：结合学校的优势学科金融学，了解中美金融状况，尤其是中国经济发展趋势，培养学生民族自信。

 

 

供稿：涂兵兰

2023-3-13